Cattle Market Pulse

Public Auction Yards Livestock Cattle Auction Market Report

Billings, Montana · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Wednesday, May 31, 2023

1,959 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest Public Auction Yards Livestock Cattle Auction report →

HeadThis saleLast saleLast year
Total receipts 1,959 1,053 827
Feeder cattle 22 142 155
Slaughter cattle 421 649 407
Replacement cattle 1,516 262 265

Compared to last week: Feeder cattle were too lightly tested to develop any market trend. Todays sale featured mostly weigh up cows, pairs and breds, so not trend is available. Weigh up cows sold on good to very good demand for light offerings. Slaughter cows sold 2.00-4.00 higher on all classes. The cow supply across much of the central US continues to tighten as rain has fallen across a wide swath of the country which has eased culling due to drought. Seasonal culling is starting to wrap up as ranchers wrap up spring brandings. Packers were very aggressive as they purchased cows both for immediate harvest and to feed. Feeding cows sold mostly 3.00-5.00 higher as packers purchased very attractive cows for this purpose. Quality this week was average to very attractive. Weigh up conditions were average to above average this week as most offerings have been out on grass. Slaughter bulls sold mostly 2.00-4.00 higher. Young age cows suitable to feed or rebreed sold mostly 10.00 lower. Quality was average to attractive. Fewer takers were seen for this class of cows as many are starting to turn out bulls for summer breeding. Todays pair offering was average to very attractive in quality. Demand for pairs was good to very good with more buyer participation noted compared to the last pair special on 5-10-23. Many comparable sets of pairs sold $100-250 per pair higher than that sale.

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
653 653 4 237.00 $237.00 $1,548
723 723 6 210.00 $210.00 $1,518 -13.76

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Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1270 1270 1 131.00 $131.00 $1,664
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
955 955 1 161.00 $161.00 $1,538

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Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
815–825 820 85-90% 3 82.00–85.00 $83.67 $686
985 985 85-90% 1 93.00 $93.00 $916 +4.00
1045 1045 85-90% 1 90.00 $90.00 $940 +11.49
1050 1050 85-90% 2 71.00 $71.00 $746
1005–1285 1135 85-90% 10 80.00–91.00 $86.09 $977
1055–1282 1143 85-90% 13 95.00–102.00 $97.50 $1,114
880–1245 1186 85-90% 15 105.00–111.00 $106.61 $1,264 +11.05
1030–1310 1218 85-90% 61 93.00–103.00 $97.20 $1,184 -1.01
1138–1300 1245 85-90% 24 104.50–111.00 $106.52 $1,326 +11.80
Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1260–1625 1402 80-85% 22 97.00–104.50 $100.64 $1,411 +2.08
1305–1530 1417 80-85% 23 97.50–106.00 $102.59 $1,454 +4.03
1300–1600 1420 80-85% 20 105.00–114.00 $107.02 $1,520 +8.46
1345–1555 1431 80-85% 9 92.00–96.00 $94.10 $1,347 -4.46
1335–1620 1490 80-85% 50 106.00–110.00 $107.81 $1,606 +3.66
Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1510 1510 75-80% 1 108.00 $108.00 $1,631 +5.75
1537 1537 75-80% 5 102.50 $102.50 $1,575 +0.25
1538–1628 1570 75-80% 12 108.50–110.50 $109.67 $1,722
1500–1615 1572 75-80% 3 110.00–112.00 $110.81 $1,742
1570–1930 1766 75-80% 8 103.50–106.50 $104.62 $1,848
1860 1860 75-80% 1 97.00 $97.00 $1,804

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YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1360 1360 1 99.00 $99.00 $1,346 -14.00
1413 1413 2 103.00 $103.00 $1,455 -6.72
1100–1779 1469 18 112.00–129.00 $121.47 $1,784
1415–1810 1611 4 108.00–114.00 $111.18 $1,791
1565–2075 1838 9 121.00–129.00 $124.55 $2,289
1730–1995 1863 2 117.00–128.00 $122.89 $2,289
1808–1917 1879 10 133.00–135.00 $134.19 $2,521
1870–1965 1914 4 129.00–138.00 $132.78 $2,541 +12.24
1963 1963 3 135.50 $135.50 $2,660

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Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
800–1313 1016 (<2 yrs)Open 34 122.00–171.00 $147.04 $1,494
885–1347 1120 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 48 106.00–142.00 $119.80 $1,342
1305 1305 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 1 104.00 $104.00 $1,357
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
710–863 800 (<2 yrs)Open 6 120.00–130.00 $125.99 $1,008
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
1025 1025 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 116.00 $116.00 $1,189
1064 1064 (<2 yrs)Open 4 117.00 $117.00 $1,245

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1065–1308 1146 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 17 1,700.00–1,850.00 $1,823.96
1178–1350 1262 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 8 1,300.00–1,450.00 $1,373.32
1239–1518 1332 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 6 1,500.00–1,625.00 $1,547.48
1345–1587 1486 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 15 1,435.00–1,610.00 $1,547.41
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
1065–1400 1288 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 3 123.00–129.00 $124.65 $1,605
1290 1290 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 106.00 $106.00 $1,367
1285–1500 1388 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 100.00–110.00 $105.74 $1,468
1505 1505 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 108.00 $108.00 $1,625
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1177 1177 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 3 1,400.00 $1,400.00

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1079–1415 1119 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 32 2,600.00 $2,600.00
1232 thin fleshed 1232 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 22 2,650.00 $2,650.00
1162–1316 1244 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 64 2,700.00–3,000.00 $2,828.90
1274 thin fleshed 1274 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 21 2,485.00 $2,485.00
1330 1330 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 18 1,850.00 $1,850.00
1262–1601 1449 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 90 1,900.00–2,175.00 $2,008.97
1288–1698 1537 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 91 2,400.00–2,900.00 $2,678.98
1458–1765 1609 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open 69 2,125.00–2,485.00 $2,361.27
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1340 1340 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 16 2,500.00 $2,500.00 +250.00
1350 1350 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open 2 1,875.00 $1,875.00
1223–1561 1379 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 13 1,725.00–1,800.00 $1,764.18
1375–1718 1448 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 12 1,600.00–2,350.00 $2,102.59
1358–1595 1457 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 5 2,100.00–2,400.00 $2,305.90
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1003 1003 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 25 2,550.00 $2,550.00
Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1407 1407 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 15 1,775.00 $1,775.00

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1052–1093 1066 (<2 yrs)Open 9 2,500.00–2,600.00 $2,534.19
1223–1292 1270 (<2 yrs)Open 100 2,700.00–3,350.00 $3,208.07

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What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.