Pennsylvania Weekly Cattle Auction Summary

Pennsylvania · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Monday, April 17, 2023

5,968 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest Pennsylvania Weekly Cattle Auction Summary report →

light 5-weight M&L 1 heifers $162.39/cwt -19.04 vs last sale · ≈ $848/hd at 522 lb · 29 head

heavy 4-weight M&L 1 heifers $173.76/cwt -3.48 vs last sale · ≈ $815/hd at 469 lb · 25 head

light 5-weight M&L 2 heifers $154.12/cwt +5.86 vs last sale · ≈ $801/hd at 520 lb · 22 head

Receipts

Head	This sale	Last sale	Last year
Total receipts	5,968	5,582	5,269
Feeder cattle	1,092	1,127	1,108
Slaughter cattle	3,186	2,564	2,469
Replacement cattle	8	—	34

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Feeder Steers

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1245–1425	1330	5	153.00–158.00	$156.80	$2,085	+10.23
1225–1430	1331	4	154.00–156.00	$155.53	$2,070	+8.96
1095–1710	1342	21	126.00–154.00	$143.54	$1,926	-3.03
1175–1720	1355	10	142.00–153.00	$146.12	$1,980	+8.91
1265–1645	1426	8	147.00–158.00	$154.06	$2,197	—
1135–1832	1485	131	148.00–170.00	$163.50	$2,428	+0.04
1443–1655	1516	13	168.00–172.00	$170.14	$2,579	+18.62
1250–1695	1520	83	150.00–170.00	$165.34	$2,513	+13.82
1430–1608	1535	5	157.00–158.00	$157.50	$2,418	+5.98
1375–1730	1549	32	164.00–175.00	$169.70	$2,629	+3.59
1410–1679	1562	40	163.00–174.00	$171.26	$2,675	+12.42
1332–1854	1605	23	170.00–179.50	$174.10	$2,794	+2.19
1598–1663	1630	10	173.00–176.50	$174.88	$2,851	-1.94
1395–1963	1650	152	163.00–179.00	$172.94	$2,854	+1.89
1540–1865	1663	34	176.50–182.00	$178.14	$2,962	+7.09

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
425–445	440	12	195.00–245.00	$228.40	$1,005	+23.34
451–484	472	18	235.00–242.00	$241.51	$1,140	+21.23
500–548	530	13	165.00–240.00	$217.06	$1,150	-15.38
560–595	568	6	170.00–235.00	$202.26	$1,149	-25.18
600–630	622	11	120.00–225.00	$196.66	$1,223	+3.05
650–695	674	11	162.00–235.00	$203.89	$1,374	+20.21
700–735	715	22	152.00–210.00	$176.85	$1,264	-6.77
755–795	774	21	162.00–195.00	$174.16	$1,348	-5.51
802–845	812	11	162.00–200.00	$187.16	$1,520	+11.28
918	918	3	152.00	$152.00	$1,395	-15.13
960–992	981	5	152.00–155.00	$152.59	$1,497	-2.41
1001	1001	3	155.00	$155.00	$1,552	—
1185	1185	2	139.00	$139.00	$1,647	-17.96

Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
190	190	1	185.00	$185.00	$352	—
305–335	315	4	122.00–225.00	$167.78	$529	-27.22
350–385	370	5	145.00–220.00	$191.77	$710	—
405–425	413	6	140.00–220.00	$183.82	$759	+57.88
455–485	469	8	155.00–210.00	$181.89	$853	+26.89
505–545	527	11	120.00–205.00	$179.63	$947	+27.93
550–593	576	6	150.00–185.00	$173.65	$1,000	-8.35
600–645	627	10	160.00–225.00	$176.78	$1,108	+4.78
650–680	660	5	105.00–170.00	$125.23	$827	-45.67
702–745	720	14	132.00–200.00	$164.55	$1,185	-2.59
750–782	775	12	130.00–175.00	$158.86	$1,231	-8.33
835	835	1	165.00	$165.00	$1,378	-4.51
885	885	1	145.00	$145.00	$1,283	-17.33
1005–1010	1008	2	140.00–152.00	$145.99	$1,472	—
1130	1130	1	135.00	$135.00	$1,526	—

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Feeder Heifers

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
60–65	63	2	5.00–15.00	$9.80	$6	-25.20
70	70	1	20.00	$20.00	$14	-250.00
70–75	72	3	60.00–100.00	$77.91	$56	+7.91
75	75	1	90.00	$90.00	$68	-345.00
76	76	1	290.00	$290.00	$220	-145.00
82–85	83	4	85.00–100.00	$88.85	$74	-36.05
80–86	84	6	100.00–165.00	$140.40	$118	+15.50
80–88	84	4	420.00–520.00	$458.08	$385	+333.18
85	85	2	50.00–375.00	$212.50	$181	+87.60
90	90	2	132.00	$132.00	$119	-268.00
90–96	93	13	350.00–500.00	$435.71	$405	+344.39
90–96	93	10	110.00–185.00	$138.63	$129	+47.31
93	93	2	20.00	$20.00	$19	-71.32
95	95	1	100.00	$100.00	$95	+8.68
100	100	2	142.00	$142.00	$142	-324.38
100–104	102	8	100.00–140.00	$128.91	$131	+13.19
100–105	103	8	360.00–495.00	$444.54	$458	+92.59
110	110	1	290.00	$290.00	$319	-140.11
110	110	3	120.00–180.00	$158.33	$174	-271.78
130	130	1	355.00	$355.00	$462	-5.00
1200–1255	1233	3	159.00–165.00	$162.04	$1,998	+5.99
1000–1565	1248	3	105.00–110.00	$106.65	$1,331	-49.40
1120–1680	1280	6	120.00–146.00	$131.54	$1,684	—
1148–1580	1320	33	141.00–168.00	$159.53	$2,106	+24.03
1350	1350	1	145.00	$145.00	$1,958	—
1280–1444	1397	6	134.00–161.00	$156.56	$2,187	—
1315–1530	1438	4	154.00–167.00	$160.43	$2,307	-0.96
1275–1614	1464	22	167.00–175.00	$171.30	$2,508	+3.21
1366–1633	1472	14	168.50–173.00	$170.03	$2,503	+3.96
1385–1605	1489	7	154.00–168.00	$163.94	$2,441	-2.13

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
200–244	222	2	200.00–220.00	$210.99	$468	—
345	345	4	172.00–185.00	$176.75	$610	-25.56
360–397	385	9	145.00–185.00	$175.16	$674	+0.31
400–447	428	17	150.00–200.00	$164.24	$703	-4.81
455–490	469	25	140.00–195.00	$173.76	$815	-3.48
500–547	522	29	145.00–177.00	$162.39	$848	-13.32
560–585	568	10	147.00–185.00	$159.85	$908	-16.50
600–648	624	17	140.00–195.00	$173.82	$1,085	+5.29
650–685	671	16	150.00–177.00	$160.90	$1,080	-11.39
748	748	1	150.00	$150.00	$1,122	—
750–797	780	15	105.00–167.00	$148.86	$1,161	-19.58
860–861	861	3	140.00–152.00	$148.00	$1,274	-4.16
1124	1124	1	128.00	$128.00	$1,439	-12.00

Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
180	180	1	140.00	$140.00	$252	-20.00
210–240	229	4	117.00–175.00	$147.33	$337	-22.67
265	265	2	120.00–125.00	$122.50	$325	-48.95
305–345	329	6	120.00–150.00	$135.87	$447	-17.53
350–395	376	15	137.00–180.00	$155.93	$586	-9.84
410–448	435	17	125.00–185.00	$150.65	$655	-7.95
450–490	469	11	125.00–182.00	$165.37	$776	-0.60
505–545	520	22	130.00–170.00	$154.12	$801	+5.86
550–595	572	7	130.00–167.00	$143.71	$822	-12.92
600–625	608	11	100.00–175.00	$140.83	$856	-19.17
650–695	676	7	130.00–170.00	$153.22	$1,036	-0.11
705–745	725	2	145.00–150.00	$147.57	$1,070	—
755–797	783	3	120.00–142.00	$134.93	$1,057	+8.54
800	800	1	135.00	$135.00	$1,080	—
880–895	887	3	87.00–135.00	$109.11	$968	—
930	930	1	127.00	$127.00	$1,181	-8.00

Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
122	122	1	240.00	$240.00	$293	-10.00
174–194	184	2	165.00–245.00	$202.83	$373	—

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Feeder Bulls

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
62	62	1	5.00	$5.00	$3	-20.53
60–65	63	2	40.00–50.00	$45.20	$28	+19.67
66–68	67	2	20.00–75.00	$47.09	$32	-87.91
68	68	1	10.00	$10.00	$7	-125.00
70	70	1	70.00	$70.00	$49	+60.00
72	72	1	10.00	$10.00	$7	-28.82
70–75	73	11	70.00–150.00	$100.16	$73	+61.34
70–75	73	8	10.00–60.00	$33.88	$25	-4.94
74	74	1	205.00	$205.00	$152	+50.12
75	75	1	375.00	$375.00	$281	-80.83
75	75	1	300.00	$300.00	$225	-155.83
75	75	4	285.00–300.00	$292.50	$219	-163.33
72–78	76	6	195.00–275.00	$232.41	$177	-46.30
80–85	81	4	160.00–360.00	$275.54	$223	-204.37
80–85	82	10	10.00–150.00	$120.12	$98	-359.79
80–88	82	18	100.00–250.00	$201.56	$165	-278.35
80–88	83	33	230.00–340.00	$289.10	$240	-190.81
80–88	83	25	75.00–320.00	$251.17	$208	-228.74
80–85	83	2	130.00–260.00	$193.03	$160	-286.88
80–88	84	12	380.00–530.00	$487.23	$409	+421.97
85–86	85	3	440.00–480.00	$453.44	$385	+233.44
85	85	1	130.00	$130.00	$110	-90.00
90	90	7	300.00–460.00	$375.00	$338	+278.09
90–95	92	17	15.00–190.00	$130.22	$120	-324.27
90–98	92	48	195.00–310.00	$266.61	$245	-187.88
90–95	92	17	380.00–540.00	$459.85	$423	+5.36
90–98	93	69	260.00–330.00	$305.97	$285	+25.62
90–95	93	5	230.00–300.00	$272.90	$254	-7.45
90–95	93	2	200.00–250.00	$225.68	$210	-54.67
90–96	95	51	100.00–255.00	$229.04	$218	-30.96
100	100	1	350.00	$350.00	$350	+183.59
100	100	1	275.00	$275.00	$275	+108.59
100–108	102	55	175.00–310.00	$271.37	$277	+22.75
100–108	102	22	70.00–260.00	$171.91	$175	-76.71
100–108	102	100	250.00–325.00	$297.20	$303	+48.58
100–105	102	12	130.00–180.00	$163.26	$167	-85.36
100–105	103	16	425.00–550.00	$483.47	$498	+115.67
100–105	103	6	320.00–430.00	$367.07	$378	-0.73
105	105	1	140.00	$140.00	$147	-227.80
110–115	110	28	130.00–230.00	$206.60	$227	-224.88
110–112	111	2	15.00–130.00	$71.98	$80	-359.50
110–115	111	21	165.00–305.00	$257.44	$286	-174.04
110–118	112	40	3.00–320.00	$275.41	$308	+5.35
110–115	112	9	410.00–495.00	$451.06	$505	+181.00
110–115	112	5	320.00–390.00	$356.07	$399	+86.01
120–125	121	16	260.00–325.00	$273.37	$331	+39.63
120–125	123	10	220.00–260.00	$243.91	$300	+40.70
130	130	2	250.00	$250.00	$325	±0.00
130	130	1	250.00	$250.00	$325	±0.00
136	136	1	330.00	$330.00	$449	-20.00

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
210–225	218	2	175.00–180.00	$177.59	$387	—
280	280	1	210.00	$210.00	$588	—
315–346	338	7	165.00–245.00	$201.42	$681	—
388	388	3	205.00	$205.00	$795	+4.57
405–445	427	5	165.00–230.00	$210.25	$898	+9.13
465–490	475	8	165.00–240.00	$219.05	$1,040	+11.29
510–540	523	5	180.00–217.00	$202.17	$1,057	+12.17
556–584	568	6	140.00–190.00	$169.84	$965	-43.48
621	621	3	165.00	$165.00	$1,025	-18.48
665–695	681	4	125.00–190.00	$162.24	$1,105	-27.72
755–782	769	4	152.00–155.00	$153.47	$1,180	+1.00
830	830	1	155.00	$155.00	$1,286	+5.00
1055	1055	1	128.00	$128.00	$1,350	—

Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
265–295	283	6	147.00–195.00	$180.22	$510	+11.95
345	345	1	155.00	$155.00	$535	±0.00
350	350	1	182.00	$182.00	$637	+20.01
430–438	436	5	205.00–215.00	$206.97	$902	+66.87
450–495	473	2	125.00–172.00	$147.38	$697	+17.38
546	546	1	107.50	$107.50	$587	-32.50
550–590	576	4	90.00–195.00	$146.63	$845	+36.63
695	695	1	150.00	$150.00	$1,042	—
715	715	1	150.00	$150.00	$1,072	—
750	750	1	140.00	$140.00	$1,050	-10.00
800	800	1	150.00	$150.00	$1,200	—
935	935	1	145.00	$145.00	$1,356	—
955	955	1	120.00	$120.00	$1,146	—

Large 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
210–220	215	2	125.00–130.00	$127.44	$274	—
310	310	1	115.00	$115.00	$356	—
667	667	2	107.00	$107.00	$714	-13.00
766	766	3	120.00	$120.00	$919	—
805	805	1	130.00	$130.00	$1,046	—
905	905	2	117.00	$117.00	$1,059	—

Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
112	112	1	265.00	$265.00	$297	—
156	156	4	235.00	$235.00	$367	—
208	208	1	205.00	$205.00	$426	—

Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
474–482	478	2	105.00–120.00	$112.44	$537	—

Small 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
510	510	1	110.00	$110.00	$561	—
570	570	1	95.00	$95.00	$542	—

Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
368	368	1	180.00	$180.00	$662	—

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Slaughter Cows

Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Dressing	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
920–1625	1226	85-90%	16	46.00–70.00	$62.12	$762	+5.97
762–1575	1264	85-90%	38	41.00–76.00	$63.77	$806	—
895–1750	1270	85-90%	96	59.00–94.00	$73.89	$938	—
930–1730	1289	85-90%	63	76.00–98.00	$84.39	$1,088	—

Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Dressing	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1200–1820	1557	75-80%	15	75.00–90.00	$83.89	$1,306	—
1055–2000	1622	75-80%	121	82.00–102.00	$92.29	$1,497	-1.34
1330–2165	1726	75-80%	69	94.00–105.00	$99.50	$1,717	—

Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Dressing	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1225–1520	1385	80-85%	7	80.00–83.00	$81.07	$1,123	-13.92
1035–1835	1389	80-85%	113	73.00–96.00	$85.08	$1,182	-9.91
1040–1840	1405	80-85%	49	86.00–102.00	$92.79	$1,304	—
1080–1745	1420	80-85%	23	66.00–89.00	$80.36	$1,141	—

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Dressing	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1415–2066	1705	65-75%	7	96.00–109.00	$102.61	$1,750	—

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Slaughter Bulls

YG2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
995–1970	1477	14	96.00–118.00	$107.26	$1,584	—
1285–1810	1497	3	112.00–125.00	$118.83	$1,779	—
1945	1945	1	110.00	$110.00	$2,140	—

YG1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1130	1130	1	91.00	$91.00	$1,028	—
1490	1490	1	110.00	$110.00	$1,639	—
1288–1926	1590	6	103.00–123.00	$112.62	$1,791	—
1635–1950	1758	3	130.00–144.00	$136.96	$2,408	+30.68
1434–2276	1775	5	121.00–128.00	$124.35	$2,207	+18.07
2070	2070	1	116.00	$116.00	$2,401	—

YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
930–1070	1000	2	90.00–95.00	$92.33	$923	—
1090–2165	1643	7	109.00–119.00	$114.83	$1,887	—
1650–2190	1948	4	122.00–139.00	$130.37	$2,540	—

YG2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
2105–2260	2183	2	114.00	$114.00	$2,489	—

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Bred Cows

Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Age	Stage	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd
1240	1240	Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)	1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo)	1	110.00	$110.00	$1,364

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Dairy Heifers

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
915–1125	994	4	118.00–126.00	$123.91	$1,232	—
1100	1100	1	106.00	$106.00	$1,166	—
1045–1290	1189	6	105.00–118.00	$109.08	$1,297	—
1015–1410	1207	3	123.00–132.00	$126.84	$1,531	—
1249–1635	1365	5	126.00–135.00	$130.80	$1,785	—
1208–1794	1404	15	113.00–139.00	$125.89	$1,767	—
1424	1424	1	139.00	$139.00	$1,979	—
1410–1500	1455	2	112.00–122.00	$116.85	$1,700	-11.45
1445–1605	1525	2	139.00–144.00	$141.37	$2,156	+10.42

Large 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
265–295	280	2	90.00–155.00	$124.24	$348	+15.90
300–345	336	5	115.00–130.00	$127.32	$428	—
445	445	1	110.00	$110.00	$490	—
465	465	1	137.00	$137.00	$637	—
510–530	521	4	70.00–135.00	$106.39	$554	-28.61
560–590	575	2	85.00–90.00	$87.43	$503	-37.57
665–675	670	2	95.00–100.00	$97.48	$653	+7.48
725	725	1	120.00	$120.00	$870	—
732	732	2	95.00	$95.00	$695	—
848	848	4	122.00	$122.00	$1,035	—
875	875	1	120.00	$120.00	$1,050	+33.00
910–935	923	2	94.00–122.00	$108.19	$999	—
950–995	965	3	77.00–120.00	$104.24	$1,006	—
1000	1000	1	122.00	$122.00	$1,220	—
1050	1050	1	124.00	$124.00	$1,302	—
1100–1115	1108	2	120.00–124.00	$122.01	$1,352	—
1260	1260	1	117.00	$117.00	$1,474	—

Medium 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
416	416	3	105.00	$105.00	$437	—

Small 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
265	265	1	145.00	$145.00	$384	—

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Dairy Steers

Large 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
164–187	178	4	135.00–140.00	$137.62	$245	—
205–232	219	2	87.50–117.00	$101.34	$222	-36.66
261–285	269	4	140.00–175.00	$161.42	$434	+40.67
328–330	329	3	75.00–140.00	$96.71	$318	-48.29
380–390	385	2	120.00–137.00	$128.39	$494	-10.51
455–494	474	9	85.00–155.00	$117.65	$558	-18.82
500–546	521	12	75.00–140.00	$116.16	$605	-36.84
560–585	574	11	85.00–140.00	$133.30	$765	+28.30
600–645	630	8	125.00–140.00	$133.25	$839	—
706–730	716	8	117.00–127.00	$120.41	$862	+15.41
755–795	775	2	110.00–115.00	$112.56	$872	—
807–810	808	3	125.00–145.00	$131.68	$1,064	—
872	872	1	120.00	$120.00	$1,046	+20.00
960–967	965	3	105.00–122.00	$116.36	$1,123	—
1095	1095	1	135.00	$135.00	$1,478	+29.00

N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
1148–1760	1458	11	90.00–125.00	$109.60	$1,598	-35.02
1200–1844	1495	23	121.00–142.00	$135.41	$2,024	+8.17
1340–1690	1508	12	140.00–152.00	$145.00	$2,187	—
1310–1710	1531	9	137.00–146.00	$140.88	$2,157	—
1630	1630	1	133.00	$133.00	$2,168	+31.58

Medium 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
275	275	1	105.00	$105.00	$289	—
345	345	1	115.00	$115.00	$397	—
440	440	1	115.00	$115.00	$506	—
490	490	2	85.00	$85.00	$416	—
640	640	1	110.00	$110.00	$704	—
670	670	1	130.00	$130.00	$871	—

Small 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb)	Avg wt	Head	Price range	Avg $	≈ $/hd	Δ last sale
225	225	1	130.00	$130.00	$292	—
380	380	1	105.00	$105.00	$399	—

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Reading this report

What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.