Cattle Market Pulse

New Mexico Weekly Cattle Summary

New Mexico · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Monday, October 23, 2023

6,999 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest New Mexico Weekly Cattle Summary report →

light 4-weight M&L 1 steers $262.05/cwt -36.19 vs last sale · ≈ $1,114/hd at 425 lb · 306 head
light 5-weight M&L 1 steers $239.80/cwt -23.15 vs last sale · ≈ $1,257/hd at 524 lb · 281 head
light 4-weight M&L 1 heifers $238.09/cwt -24.69 vs last sale · ≈ $1,014/hd at 426 lb · 273 head
HeadThis saleLast saleLast year
Total receipts 6,999 4,940 1,368
Feeder cattle 5,423 3,909 902
Slaughter cattle 823 636 380
Replacement cattle 753 395 86

Compared to last week, steer calves sold sharply lower on all weights. Feeder steers were 3.00-16 00 lower. Heifer calves sold 9.00-23.00 lower. Feeder heifers 12.00-16.00 lower. Trade and demand moderate. Slaughter cows sold 2.00-4.00 lower. Slaughter bulls were 2.00-4.00 lower.

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
230–248 245 6 266.00–277.50 $267.80 $656
268–280 272 5 272.00–297.00 $278.71 $758
302–345 327 70 260.00–312.00 $280.70 $918 -59.98
313–331 unweaned 327 13 245.00–252.00 $247.92 $811 -87.08
351–398 377 87 235.00–302.00 $270.39 $1,019 -38.22
392 unweaned 392 3 226.00 $226.00 $886
400–447 425 306 235.00–291.00 $262.05 $1,114 -46.25
450–498 476 201 220.00–275.00 $256.17 $1,219 -22.41
500–548 524 281 200.00–260.00 $239.80 $1,257 -23.66
550–597 564 253 200.00–254.00 $237.03 $1,337 -18.93
600–638 612 258 185.00–241.00 $227.38 $1,392 -21.29
655–699 680 102 197.00–251.00 $224.98 $1,530 -20.71
701–743 718 60 167.00–226.00 $209.39 $1,503 +0.42
751–787 762 28 181.50–226.00 $205.18 $1,563
802–845 814 9 175.00–223.00 $189.61 $1,543 -0.39
882–885 884 4 110.00–191.00 $150.57 $1,331 -84.43
903 903 3 168.00 $168.00 $1,517
988 988 2 145.00 $145.00 $1,433
1035–1040 1037 3 93.00–170.00 $144.25 $1,496
1060–1080 1065 4 127.00–175.00 $162.83 $1,734
1112 1112 3 121.00 $121.00 $1,346
1315 1315 1 102.00 $102.00 $1,341
1360 1360 2 108.00 $108.00 $1,469
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
300–345 321 16 164.00–286.00 $242.94 $780 -55.47
370–398 379 18 230.00–279.00 $247.43 $938 -41.42
405–438 425 35 220.00–277.00 $250.71 $1,066 -19.41
454–498 475 81 210.00–243.00 $225.97 $1,073 -34.63
513–545 527 50 185.00–230.00 $214.89 $1,132 -19.20
550–598 579 36 150.00–236.50 $204.91 $1,186 -27.41
600–642 616 19 150.00–221.00 $201.73 $1,243 -23.70
652–698 668 28 207.00–220.00 $214.61 $1,434 -1.91
717–748 728 16 185.00–210.50 $199.50 $1,452 -8.64
752 752 3 130.00 $130.00 $978 -86.42
803–830 807 7 140.00–180.00 $174.12 $1,405 -36.88
966 966 3 173.00 $173.00 $1,671
Small 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
290 290 2 190.00 $190.00 $551
495 495 8 84.00 $84.00 $416
532 532 6 80.00 $80.00 $426
567 567 2 75.00 $75.00 $425
600 600 3 165.00 $165.00 $990
680 680 10 88.00 $88.00 $598
690 690 2 63.00 $63.00 $435
738 738 7 50.00 $50.00 $369
757 757 5 51.50 $51.50 $390
806–835 818 14 50.00 $50.00 $409
921 921 3 56.50 $56.50 $520
970 970 2 90.00 $90.00 $873
Medium 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
337–339 339 8 200.00–208.00 $206.01 $698
372 372 3 110.00 $110.00 $409
416 416 4 222.00 $222.00 $924
477 477 2 80.00 $80.00 $382
553 553 8 201.00 $201.00 $1,112
630–639 636 14 157.00–181.00 $174.21 $1,108
651 651 5 195.00 $195.00 $1,269
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
305 305 2 227.00 $227.00 $692
430 430 1 175.00 $175.00 $752
455 455 10 243.00 $243.00 $1,106
511 511 9 245.00 $245.00 $1,252
609–627 613 13 210.00–222.00 $219.17 $1,344
801 801 5 170.00 $170.00 $1,362
1435 1435 1 110.00 $110.00 $1,578
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
392 392 6 242.00 $242.00 $949
447 447 5 240.00 $240.00 $1,073
495 495 1 220.00 $220.00 $1,089
540 540 1 213.00 $213.00 $1,150
700 700 1 172.50 $172.50 $1,208
869 869 10 120.00 $120.00 $1,043
1043 1043 11 106.00 $106.00 $1,106
1344 1344 4 90.00 $90.00 $1,210
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
327 327 2 250.00 $250.00 $818 -1.40
500–525 510 8 177.00–220.00 $206.44 $1,053 -10.56
575 575 2 184.00 $184.00 $1,058 -9.40
620–637 628 7 141.00–187.00 $167.18 $1,050 -19.66
665 665 10 230.00 $230.00 $1,530 +40.20
942 942 2 167.00 $167.00 $1,573
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
370 370 3 225.00 $225.00 $832
410 410 2 180.00 $180.00 $738
488 488 2 162.00 $162.00 $791
505–510 507 14 208.00–210.00 $208.72 $1,058
579 579 5 226.50 $226.50 $1,311
746 746 4 211.00 $211.00 $1,574
Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
602 602 2 175.00 $175.00 $1,054
660 660 3 138.00 $138.00 $911
886 886 4 161.00 $161.00 $1,426
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
383 383 3 240.00 $240.00 $919
702 702 5 168.00 $168.00 $1,179
Small 2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
337 337 3 130.00 $130.00 $438
350 350 1 162.50 $162.50 $569
680 680 3 70.00 $70.00 $476
Medium 2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
555 555 2 157.00 $157.00 $871
695 695 2 152.00 $152.00 $1,056
Small 3 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
197 197 4 320.00 $320.00

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Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
265–299 291 27 250.00–262.50 $254.79 $741 -32.35
306 unweaned 306 4 212.00 $212.00 $649
300–348 332 110 226.00–257.50 $241.88 $803 -28.39
351–396 376 148 226.00–270.00 $243.04 $914 -26.99
400–449 426 273 220.00–262.00 $238.09 $1,014 -25.02
450–499 476 163 205.00–243.00 $227.21 $1,082 -16.63
500–547 522 215 191.00–231.00 $216.01 $1,128 -25.00
550–599 588 156 161.00–220.00 $209.80 $1,234 -27.48
600–649 614 114 177.00–220.00 $209.64 $1,287 -21.27
650–698 670 44 160.00–205.00 $182.69 $1,224 -31.31
718–732 728 20 165.00–194.00 $188.01 $1,369 -1.99
754–775 759 5 125.00–170.00 $160.38 $1,217 -57.12
821–847 835 26 145.00–176.00 $169.09 $1,412 -25.91
911–937 915 12 180.00–181.00 $180.83 $1,655 +19.83
986 986 4 133.00 $133.00 $1,311
1010 1010 1 135.00 $135.00 $1,364
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
330–331 331 9 235.00–245.00 $238.33 $789 -7.46
350–395 382 12 200.00–242.00 $221.76 $847 -16.75
400–448 432 25 190.00–240.00 $220.40 $952 -23.60
462–497 485 12 150.00–225.00 $206.55 $1,002 -21.46
553–592 563 9 200.00–210.00 $206.88 $1,165 -5.66
605–616 612 6 175.00–200.50 $192.10 $1,176 -13.92
656–681 667 9 136.00–192.00 $161.41 $1,077 -52.59
720–732 730 5 171.00–175.00 $171.79 $1,254 -13.21
803 803 3 151.00 $151.00 $1,213 -49.50
858–895 877 8 155.00–177.00 $166.23 $1,458 +16.23
903 903 2 110.00 $110.00 $993
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
335–346 342 5 180.00–203.00 $189.02 $646
415 415 2 180.00 $180.00 $747
472–492 488 21 150.00–235.00 $198.13 $967
583–593 585 11 174.00–190.00 $176.95 $1,035
667–687 671 9 167.00–181.00 $170.18 $1,142
716–747 728 5 167.00–180.00 $172.33 $1,255
788 788 3 182.00 $182.00 $1,434
Medium 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
377 377 6 180.00 $180.00 $679
527 527 2 165.00 $165.00 $870
655–668 664 27 160.00–187.50 $179.86 $1,194
768 768 7 184.00 $184.00 $1,413
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
416 416 3 210.00 $210.00 $874 +9.28
475 475 4 212.00 $212.00 $1,007 +9.21
560–590 578 11 160.00–213.00 $194.78 $1,126 +5.76
646 646 3 169.00 $169.00 $1,092 -4.73
768 768 3 176.00 $176.00 $1,352
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
342 342 2 252.00 $252.00 $862
430 430 2 240.00 $240.00 $1,032
456 456 5 240.00 $240.00 $1,094
565–587 578 5 175.00–190.00 $180.86 $1,045
645 645 2 200.00 $200.00 $1,290
733 733 4 185.00 $185.00 $1,356
Small 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
425 425 2 60.00 $60.00 $255
515 515 2 52.00 $52.00 $268
642 642 6 52.00 $52.00 $334
665 665 2 52.00 $52.00 $346
Small 2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
268 268 3 160.00 $160.00 $429
343 343 2 142.50 $142.50 $489
490 490 3 75.00 $75.00 $368
700 700 1 81.00 $81.00 $567
Medium 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
357 357 2 206.00 $206.00 $735
820 820 2 172.00 $172.00 $1,410
Small 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
363 363 2 175.00 $175.00 $635

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Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
378–390 384 6 250.00–260.00 $254.92 $979
438 438 5 220.00 $220.00 $964
565 565 2 165.00 $165.00 $932 -54.49
630 630 3 175.00 $175.00 $1,102 -25.00
775–785 782 3 130.00–155.00 $146.74 $1,148
820–830 821 7 150.00–165.00 $162.83 $1,337
850–895 873 7 60.00–148.00 $131.17 $1,145
971 971 3 110.00 $110.00 $1,068
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
290 290 2 237.50 $237.50 $689 -37.50
332 332 10 270.00 $270.00 $896 -5.00
418 418 13 240.00 $240.00 $1,003 -20.00
478 478 3 204.00 $204.00 $975 -41.00
598 598 2 180.00 $180.00 $1,076
618 618 2 142.00 $142.00 $878 -72.00
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
530 530 2 179.00 $179.00 $949
552 552 2 140.00 $140.00 $773
646 646 3 151.00 $151.00 $975
665 665 1 141.00 $141.00 $938
900 900 1 130.00 $130.00 $1,170
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
405 405 2 182.50 $182.50 $739
610 610 1 180.00 $180.00 $1,098
810 810 1 148.00 $148.00 $1,199
Medium 2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
165 165 2 400.00 $400.00

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Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
519–723 613 85-90% 16 45.50–51.50 $49.23 $302
900 900 85-90% 9 107.00 $107.00 $963
715–1465 1010 85-90% 78 40.00–75.50 $66.70 $674 -19.68
798–1515 1029 85-90% 83 60.00–92.50 $76.69 $789 -9.69
826–1600 1051 85-90% 216 74.00–90.00 $82.24 $864 -2.16
915–1430 1131 85-90% 87 82.00–94.50 $86.75 $981
Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
970–1770 1171 80-85% 18 88.00–90.75 $89.18 $1,044 -3.31
955–1765 1180 80-85% 117 84.00–92.50 $88.45 $1,044 -10.55
890–1605 1231 80-85% 35 90.00–98.00 $94.56 $1,164 +1.01
930–1585 1235 80-85% 119 87.00–96.00 $91.14 $1,126 -2.41
Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1065–1520 1139 75-80% 23 92.50–94.00 $92.89 $1,058
975–1480 1244 75-80% 18 94.00–115.00 $98.93 $1,231
N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1850–1855 1853 65-75% 2 101.00–111.00 $106.01 $1,964

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YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
915–1840 1398 18 55.00–91.00 $78.77 $1,101
1105–2180 1622 33 90.00–115.00 $101.61 $1,648
1160–2145 1658 42 101.00–120.00 $111.70 $1,852

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Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
675–875 756 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 7 118.00–173.00 $148.00 $1,119
575–963 795 (<2 yrs)Open 72 120.00–180.00 $149.72 $1,190

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
785 785 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 1,100.00 $1,100.00
870–955 913 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 2 1,000.00–1,025.00 $1,012.50
955 955 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 900.00 $900.00
1025 1025 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 1 1,200.00 $1,200.00
820–1445 1070 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 25 1,035.00–1,675.00 $1,232.60
835–1430 1091 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 9 950.00–1,500.00 $1,281.67
1135–1137 1136 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 4 1,100.00 $1,100.00
1130–1325 1228 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 1,250.00–1,375.00 $1,312.50
1200–1260 1230 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 2 1,200.00 $1,200.00
1020–1435 1245 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 4 1,150.00–1,500.00 $1,350.00
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
855 855 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 1 1,025.00 $1,025.00
875 875 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 1,100.00 $1,100.00
975 975 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 900.00 $900.00
865–1140 1003 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 2 800.00–1,225.00 $1,012.50
1235 1235 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 1 1,400.00 $1,400.00
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
855–930 890 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 875.00–1,010.00 $920.00
770–1210 941 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 5 625.00–1,075.00 $899.00

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
580–800 690 (<2 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 500.00–950.00 $725.00
520–800 744 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 5 600.00–1,400.00 $1,240.00
755–965 820 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 10 800.00–1,600.00 $1,260.00
833 833 Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 3 935.00 $935.00
789–990 893 (<2 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 90 1,485.00–2,125.00 $1,808.44
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
888–980 969 (<2 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 34 2,000.00–2,050.00 $2,005.88
1009 1009 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 17 2,150.00 $2,150.00
Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
740 740 (<2 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 775.00 $775.00
885–995 940 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 2 975.00–1,075.00 $1,025.00
1065 1065 Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 1 1,100.00 $1,100.00

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1100 1100 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 2 2,300.00 $2,300.00
970–1230 1127 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 5 800.00–1,750.00 $1,390.00
975–1285 1130 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 2 1,300.00–1,400.00 $1,350.00
1055–1385 1171 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 7 1,200.00–2,200.00 $1,810.71 +60.71
1105–1405 1236 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 7 1,500.00–1,800.00 $1,600.00 +50.00
1265 1265 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open 1 1,800.00 $1,800.00 +75.00
1210–1315 1268 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 3 1,600.00–1,900.00 $1,766.67 +41.67
1275 1275 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 1,525.00 $1,525.00 -200.00
1280 1280 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 1 1,600.00 $1,600.00 -137.50
1095–1415 1307 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 3 1,300.00–1,600.00 $1,466.67
1410 1410 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 1 1,950.00 $1,950.00
Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1000 1000 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 2 2,200.00 $2,200.00
1055–1125 1090 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 2 1,250.00–1,700.00 $1,475.00
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
915–1030 957 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 3 700.00–1,250.00 $900.00
Medium 2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
875 875 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 1 1,600.00 $1,600.00
Small 2-3 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
885 885 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 1 600.00 $600.00

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Large 3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
587 587 2 47.00 $47.00 $276

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Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
346 346 32 215.00 $215.00 $744
356–372 365 32 205.00–220.00 $215.04 $785
409–448 413 29 120.00–216.00 $205.23 $848
Small 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
364 364 10 85.00 $85.00 $309
618 618 3 47.00 $47.00 $290

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
875 875 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 3 1,750.00 $1,750.00

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What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.