Cattle Market Pulse

Montana Weekly Livestock Auction Summary

Montana · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Monday, September 25, 2023

8,946 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest Montana Weekly Livestock Auction Summary report →

heavy 7-weight M&L 1 heifers $247.64/cwt -5.38 vs last sale · ≈ $1,930/hd at 779 lb · 239 head
light 7-weight M&L 1 heifers $253.23/cwt -5.57 vs last sale · ≈ $1,838/hd at 726 lb · 155 head
heavy 8-weight M&L 1 heifers $230.74/cwt -2.06 vs last sale · ≈ $2,024/hd at 877 lb · 151 head
HeadThis saleLast saleLast year
Total receipts 8,946 3,527 8,679
Feeder cattle 3,297 2,646 4,221
Slaughter cattle 795 776 291
Replacement cattle 322 105 327

Compared to last week: The best test for yearling steers was for 750-849 lbs steers which sold fully steady all other yearling steers were too lightly tested either this week or last to develop an accurate market trend, however steady to lower undertones were noticed. Steer calves sold mostly 10.00-15.00 lower in a narrow comparison. Yearling heifers under 800 lbs sold mostly steady to 5.00 lower, heifers over 800 lbs sold 5.00-8.00 lower. Heifer calves sold mostly 10.00-15.00 lower. CME positions sold off sharply to start the week which pushed feeder prices lower as buyers responded to lower board positions. CME contracts rebounded slightly on Thursday but after the bulk of sales had already taken place. Demand was mostly moderate to good, however demand was lighter than previous weeks. Most yearlings were offered in moderate size packages up to load lots this week. Calves were mostly offered in small packages or as singles. Offerings were too light on calves for buyers to put together loads and that coupled with lower feeder cattle contract prices pressured prices lower. Quality this week was plain to average on calves and average to very attractive on yearlings. Market activity this week was moderate to active but activity was notably lighter this week compared to last. Weight up cows sold on moderate to good demand for light to moderate offerings. Quality this week was average to attractive. Packers continue to focus on buying feeding cows again this week. Only poorer quality cows were purchased for immediate slaughter this week. Slaughter cows sold generally steady to weak on boning and breaking cows, lean cows sold generally steady. Feeding cows sold fully steady. Slaughter and feeding bulls sold generally steady. Young age cows suitable to feed or rebreed sold on very good demand again this week. Too few sales were seen last week to develop an accurate market trend, however steady undertones were noticed.

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
325–349 unweaned 333 15 342.50–351.00 $348.03 $1,159
410–449 unweaned 426 61 325.00–340.00 $327.04 $1,393
473–495 unweaned 478 41 298.00–327.00 $319.40 $1,527
508–529 unweaned 519 27 294.00–306.00 $298.76 $1,551
550–596 unweaned 572 32 270.00–289.00 $282.70 $1,617
589 thin fleshed 589 44 281.00 $281.00 $1,655
625 625 5 276.00 $276.00 $1,725 -8.31
601–648 unweaned 633 43 254.00–277.00 $267.40 $1,693
658 658 23 278.00 $278.00 $1,829 +1.78
683 unweaned 683 6 265.00 $265.00 $1,810
705–721 710 56 268.00–275.00 $273.48 $1,942 +0.94
760–785 770 75 259.50–268.00 $265.71 $2,046 +1.04
800–827 809 98 250.00–258.00 $252.83 $2,045 -2.19
858–890 876 27 237.00–247.00 $240.68 $2,108 -8.51
900–925 909 29 238.00–239.00 $238.48 $2,168 -4.03
983 983 2 233.00 $233.00 $2,290 -4.47
1050–1068 1062 6 218.50–221.00 $220.18 $2,338 +0.18
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
287–296 unweaned 292 7 355.00 $355.00 $1,037
309 unweaned 309 14 337.50 $337.50 $1,043
379 unweaned 379 19 332.00 $332.00 $1,258
434 unweaned 434 22 316.50 $316.50 $1,374
460–483 unweaned 474 12 282.50–297.50 $294.25 $1,395
523–542 unweaned 537 30 262.50–290.00 $278.02 $1,493
590 unweaned 590 1 266.00 $266.00 $1,569
608 unweaned 608 3 245.00 $245.00 $1,490
655 unweaned 655 3 239.00 $239.00 $1,565
723–749 732 14 252.00–258.00 $255.74 $1,872 -2.26
755–790 781 40 248.00–253.00 $252.16 $1,969 +1.42
813–848 832 23 239.00–249.50 $245.75 $2,045 -2.38
861–885 865 11 235.50–244.00 $242.42 $2,097 +7.24
914 914 11 232.00 $232.00 $2,120 +3.46
1065 1065 2 218.50 $218.50 $2,327 -1.17
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
548 thin fleshed 548 13 277.00 $277.00 $1,518
563–572 570 22 267.50–282.50 $272.61 $1,554
615–634 630 23 260.00–276.00 $269.75 $1,699
661–683 668 27 255.00–270.50 $266.93 $1,783
714–749 728 15 259.00–265.00 $262.53 $1,911
753 753 8 240.00 $240.00 $1,807
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
267 unweaned 267 5 250.00 $250.00 $668
403 unweaned 403 5 292.00 $292.00 $1,177
704–741 720 9 242.00–243.50 $242.69 $1,747 +6.44
778 778 4 237.00 $237.00 $1,844 -1.56
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
647 647 10 241.00 $241.00 $1,559
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
552 unweaned 552 3 240.00 $240.00 $1,325
1143 1143 2 205.00 $205.00 $2,343

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Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
305–326 unweaned 322 5 320.00–334.00 $331.35 $1,067
362–390 unweaned 386 52 300.00–310.00 $306.66 $1,184
405–423 unweaned 412 35 275.00–300.00 $284.13 $1,171
455–495 unweaned 483 26 282.00–286.00 $284.84 $1,376
500–535 unweaned 518 41 259.00–272.00 $264.56 $1,370
554–588 unweaned 573 30 225.00–262.00 $252.07 $1,444
600–638 unweaned 621 17 245.00–257.00 $247.83 $1,539
648 648 62 270.00 $270.00 $1,750
660 660 15 269.00 $269.00 $1,775 +4.66
673 unweaned 673 4 242.50 $242.50 $1,632
686 thin fleshed 686 40 269.50 $269.50 $1,849
701–741 725 147 249.50–260.00 $253.68 $1,839 -5.12
738–748 743 8 241.00–249.00 $244.97 $1,820 -13.83
760 thin fleshed 760 18 258.50 $258.50 $1,965
768 768 2 237.00 $237.00 $1,820 -16.02
750–799 781 219 238.50–253.00 $246.84 $1,928 -6.18
809–841 822 97 224.00–238.75 $235.08 $1,932 -5.35
850–892 877 151 223.50–233.50 $230.74 $2,024 -2.06
900–945 922 116 217.00–230.75 $224.42 $2,069 +3.58
955–998 972 34 217.00–229.00 $221.05 $2,149 -0.26
980–998 994 6 222.50–223.50 $222.92 $2,216 +1.61
1003–1040 1021 44 208.00–219.50 $216.22 $2,208 +0.61
1050–1093 1068 7 198.00–212.50 $206.14 $2,202
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
300–323 unweaned 306 11 300.00–305.00 $303.56 $929
353–394 unweaned 387 25 246.00–262.00 $259.67 $1,005
433 unweaned 433 4 262.00 $262.00 $1,134
471–478 unweaned 473 13 240.00 $240.00 $1,135
523 unweaned 523 12 244.00 $244.00 $1,276
550 unweaned 550 4 232.00 $232.00 $1,276
700–749 736 51 241.00–248.50 $244.37 $1,799 -0.96
750–798 785 62 225.00–239.00 $232.47 $1,825 -12.30
801–828 803 36 227.00–232.00 $227.29 $1,825 -9.78
860–890 883 17 224.00–226.00 $224.46 $1,982 +3.21
918–919 919 19 218.00–219.00 $218.89 $2,012 +2.84
990–995 993 3 212.00–216.00 $214.67 $2,132 -1.59
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
623 623 4 251.00 $251.00 $1,564
665 665 2 263.00 $263.00 $1,749
755–756 756 31 240.00 $240.00 $1,814
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
573 unweaned 573 3 245.00 $245.00 $1,404
843 843 10 225.00 $225.00 $1,897
883–887 886 14 225.00–228.50 $226.00 $2,002
1150–1158 1155 6 190.00–196.00 $193.25 $2,232
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
272 unweaned 272 13 251.00 $251.00 $683
336 unweaned 336 9 252.00 $252.00 $847
373 unweaned 373 6 285.00 $285.00 $1,063
443 unweaned 443 5 215.00 $215.00 $952
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
650–690 678 20 239.00–247.00 $241.30 $1,636
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1135 1135 2 187.00 $187.00 $2,122

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Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
251 unweaned 251 14 262.50 $262.50 $659
367 unweaned 367 13 292.50 $292.50 $1,073
430 unweaned 430 10 250.00 $250.00 $1,075
925 925 1 211.00 $211.00 $1,952
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
653 unweaned 653 3 225.00 $225.00 $1,469
853–893 873 4 217.00–221.00 $219.05 $1,912

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Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1301–1670 1379 80-85% 59 92.50–101.00 $96.40 $1,329
1324–1595 1391 80-85% 48 100.00–108.00 $102.23 $1,422
1270–1555 1413 80-85% 100 100.00–114.00 $105.16 $1,486 -8.20
1358–1545 1416 80-85% 12 92.00–104.00 $98.97 $1,401 -14.39
1355–1490 1423 80-85% 2 113.00–114.00 $113.52 $1,615 +0.16
1315–1690 1472 80-85% 18 113.00–119.00 $115.86 $1,705 +5.62
Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
825–930 883 85-90% 3 66.00–69.00 $67.39 $595
855–990 905 85-90% 12 80.00–94.00 $85.84 $777
1000–1225 1110 85-90% 11 68.00–84.00 $78.67 $873
815–1291 1139 85-90% 32 87.00–98.00 $95.96 $1,093
1018–1340 1147 85-90% 69 77.00–96.50 $92.32 $1,059
1127–1253 1174 85-90% 10 111.00–113.00 $111.48 $1,309 +29.61
965–1293 1181 85-90% 36 98.00–109.00 $103.36 $1,221 +21.34
1230 1230 85-90% 1 109.50 $109.50 $1,347 +10.92
1125–1335 1267 85-90% 49 97.00–107.00 $99.01 $1,254
Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1400 1400 75-80% 3 109.00 $109.00 $1,526
1485–1560 1555 75-80% 15 111.00–112.50 $111.10 $1,728 +6.10
1628–1630 1629 75-80% 3 114.00–116.00 $115.33 $1,879 +4.25
1640–1800 1720 75-80% 2 115.50–116.00 $115.74 $1,991
1745–1786 1773 75-80% 6 107.00–114.00 $108.89 $1,931
1780–1910 1828 75-80% 6 94.00–105.00 $102.87 $1,880
N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1740 1740 65-75% 1 119.00 $119.00 $2,071

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YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1020–1200 1112 4 87.00–105.00 $99.80 $1,110
1235–1895 1499 40 103.50–113.50 $107.78 $1,616
1300–1760 1571 22 112.00–119.00 $115.13 $1,809
1345–2380 1722 22 95.00–111.50 $105.45 $1,816 -6.55
1530–2365 1845 38 111.00–121.00 $114.60 $2,114
1715–2350 1970 9 122.00–130.00 $123.81 $2,439 +0.98
2520 2520 1 109.00 $109.00 $2,747

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Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
880–995 thin fleshed 915 (<2 yrs)Open 4 146.00–160.00 $154.96 $1,418
814–1405 1015 (<2 yrs)Open 150 109.00–193.00 $155.67 $1,580
1001–1585 1146 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 47 106.00–153.00 $122.20 $1,400
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
870 870 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 109.00 $109.00 $948
895–1075 961 (<2 yrs)Open 6 112.00–148.00 $132.21 $1,271
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
885 885 (<2 yrs)Open 1 125.00 $125.00 $1,106
1040 1040 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 114.50 $114.50 $1,191

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1026–1324 1172 Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 16 1,675.00–1,900.00 $1,782.44
1217–1381 1283 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 10 1,700.00–1,775.00 $1,742.70
1293 1293 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 2 1,500.00 $1,500.00
1276–1424 1348 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 32 1,300.00–1,500.00 $1,430.14

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Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1003 1003 (<2 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 2 1,950.00 $1,950.00

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
123 123 2 86.00 $86.00 $106
153 153 3 120.00 $120.00 $184
180–185 183 2 73.00–79.00 $75.96 $139
180–196 191 9 77.00–86.00 $80.34 $153
205–226 219 7 81.00–84.00 $81.96 $179
215–225 220 2 84.00–86.00 $84.98 $187
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
255 255 Lambs (<1 yr)N/A 1 85.00 $85.00 $217

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
35 35 4 90.00 $90.00 $32
55 55 1 127.50 $127.50 $70
75 75 2 162.50 $162.50 $122
80 80 1 175.00 $175.00 $140
110 110 1 132.50 $132.50 $146
100–130 115 3 186.00–195.00 $190.51 $219
130 130 1 202.50 $202.50 $263
155–180 168 2 199.00–205.00 $201.78 $339
215 215 1 195.00 $195.00 $419

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
135 135 60 40.00 $40.00 $54
115–149 141 8 27.50–40.00 $30.06 $42
147 147 11 70.00 $70.00 $103
150–156 151 40 45.00 $45.00 $68
158 158 5 47.00 $47.00 $74
173–199 182 90 49.00–59.00 $52.40 $95
163–195 183 15 61.00–68.00 $65.49 $120
200 200 2 53.00–54.00 $53.50 $107
255 255 1 63.00 $63.00 $161
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
145 145 Yearlings (1-2 yrs)Open 1 97.50 $97.50 $141
155 155 Yearlings (1-2 yrs)Open 3 95.00 $95.00 $147
209–243 211 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 31 74.00–90.00 $88.81 $187

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
55 55 17 162.50 $162.50 $89
60 60 9 185.00 $185.00 $111
76 76 4 160.00 $160.00 $122
76 76 15 174.00 $174.00 $132
84–86 85 69 172.50–175.00 $174.93 $149
90–92 90 45 166.00–175.00 $168.03 $151

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
86 86 7 150.00 $150.00 $129
145 145 1 90.00 $90.00 $130
200 200 1 82.00 $82.00 $164

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
108 108 3 71.00 $71.00 $77
115 115 4 77.00 $77.00 $89
166 166 9 53.00 $53.00 $88
183 183 3 60.00 $60.00 $110

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Medium 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
54 54 6 170.00 $170.00 $92

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
28 28 2 166.00 $166.00 $46
32 32 6 202.50 $202.50 $65
35 35 2 125.00 $125.00 $44
37–38 37 5 261.00–267.50 $264.86 $98
42–46 43 35 145.00–167.50 $163.34 $70
45 45 6 160.00 $160.00 $72
40–47 46 63 270.00–287.50 $276.98 $127
44–47 46 10 145.00–162.50 $155.78 $72
46 46 7 265.00 $265.00 $122
49 49 7 270.00 $270.00 $132
50 50 9 182.50–195.00 $189.44 $95
50–52 52 10 242.50–245.00 $242.74 $126
50–54 53 27 252.50–285.00 $271.27 $144
53 53 3 162.00 $162.00 $86
50–58 56 39 247.50–267.50 $253.95 $142
60–65 62 22 227.50–250.00 $235.28 $146
63–65 63 7 180.00–195.00 $192.80 $121
60–68 66 5 205.00–220.00 $216.27 $143
70–78 76 28 221.00–228.00 $224.17 $170
74–77 76 24 212.50–220.00 $218.10 $166
81–86 83 26 227.50–240.00 $232.49 $193
83 83 2 222.50 $222.50 $185

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Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
40–46 45 18 247.50 $247.50 $111
50 fancy 50 15 270.00 $270.00 $135
50–58 55 97 241.00–250.00 $244.95 $135
60–69 67 469 231.50–248.50 $240.00 $161
71–79 74 309 223.00–238.00 $230.53 $171
80–89 85 676 218.00–230.50 $225.82 $192
86 86 53 192.50 $192.50 $166
90–97 93 125 211.50–221.00 $216.22 $201
96 96 17 209.00 $209.00 $201
100–108 104 244 204.00–217.00 $210.68 $219
109 109 14 183.00 $183.00 $199
116 116 31 201.50–205.00 $202.52 $235
118 118 10 190.00 $190.00 $224
138 138 20 155.00 $155.00 $214
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
39 39 37 227.50 $227.50 $89
45–48 48 31 240.00–245.00 $240.61 $115
57–59 58 79 232.50–240.00 $236.11 $137
61–69 66 83 219.00–233.00 $226.96 $150
71–79 74 99 218.00–224.00 $220.21 $163
83–88 86 31 185.00–218.00 $210.12 $181
91–95 94 35 205.00–207.00 $206.50 $194
106–108 107 27 185.00–200.00 $189.94 $203
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
68 68 9 212.50 $212.50 $144
72 72 12 226.00 $226.00 $163
126 126 13 187.00 $187.00 $236

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
60 60 2 125.00–127.50 $126.25 $76
65–68 68 12 90.00–97.50 $96.90 $66
70 70 Yearlings (1-2 yrs)Open 1 227.50 $227.50 $159
75 75 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 130.00 $130.00 $98
75 75 1 95.00 $95.00 $71
85–87 86 6 97.50–106.00 $101.70 $87
95 95 9 104.00 $104.00 $99
100–130 106 31 100.00–119.00 $116.47 $123
100–115 108 2 60.00–85.00 $71.63 $77
103–135 122 8 112.50–123.00 $115.34 $141
130 130 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 1 127.00 $127.00 $165

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Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
113 thin fleshed 113 2 40.00 $40.00 $45
130–138 thin fleshed 135 121 36.00–42.00 $37.57 $51
135–139 138 135 44.00–55.00 $47.34 $65
142 thin fleshed 142 7 40.00 $40.00 $57
143–145 144 14 49.50 $49.50 $71
150–159 155 198 47.00–51.00 $47.79 $74
161 161 4 51.00 $51.00 $82
173–174 174 9 51.00–54.00 $53.34 $93

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
55 55 2 147.50–155.00 $151.25 $83
65 65 1 150.00 $150.00 $98
70 70 1 157.50 $157.50 $110
75 75 2 215.00 $215.00 $161
85 85 1 194.00 $194.00 $165
115–135 125 2 180.00–193.00 $187.02 $234
145 145 2 181.00–200.00 $190.50 $276

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N/N/A ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
96 96 8 170.00 $170.00 $163
117 117 3 162.50 $162.50 $190
129 129 4 185.00 $185.00 $239

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What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.