Cattle Market Pulse

Montana Weekly Livestock Auction Summary

Montana · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Monday, December 13, 2021

13,342 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest Montana Weekly Livestock Auction Summary report →

light 4-weight M&L 1 steers $213.07/cwt -4.96 vs last sale · ≈ $904/hd at 424 lb · 516 head
light 5-weight M&L 1 steers $196.53/cwt +0.07 vs last sale · ≈ $1,040/hd at 529 lb · 492 head
heavy 5-weight M&L 1 heifers $156.83/cwt +1.27 vs last sale · ≈ $900/hd at 574 lb · 315 head

Receipts

HeadThis saleLast saleLast year
Total receipts 13,342 15,450 15,051
Feeder cattle 6,964 6,289 7,439
Slaughter cattle 2,868 1,894 3,184
Replacement cattle 3,510 7,267 4,428

Market comments — USDA reporter

Compared to last week: All yearlings were too lightly tested to develop an accurate market trend, however steady undertones were noticed on both steers and heifers. Steer calves under 500 lbs sold steady to 10.00 lower. 500-599 lbs steers sold steady to firm. Steer calves over 600 lbs sold unevenly steady. Heifer calves under 450 lbs sold mostly 10.00 lower, 450-499 lbs heifers sold generally steady, heifers over 500 lbs sold 3.00-6.00 higher. Quality this week was mixed from plain to attractive. Many calves were offered in small size packages with a few load lots seen as well. Small packages of calves sold on noticeably lighter demand this week. Many calves continue to be offered as weaned and most were weaned over 45 days. Some sets this week were weaned as long as 100 days. Demand for young age calves suitable to develop into yearlings was mostly very good. Buyers were willing to buy heavier weight calves for yearling programs this week which helped increase the price of 500-599 lbs offerings. CME feeder cattle contracts sold off this week which pressured the market later in the week. The January contract closed at 160.25, 4.625 lower. The March contract closed at 161.70, down 5.40 for the week. Transportation became an issue later in the week as many trucks were stuck on the highway due to high winds. Market activity this week was mostly active with a large buyer pool actively bidding on offerings. Weigh up cows sold on moderate demand for moderate to heavy offerings. Feeder buyers continued to control the market this week as packers took a back seat to buying slaughter cows. Packers opted to put most of the cow offering on feed again this week. Slaughter cows sold mostly 1.00-2.00 lower on boning and lean cows, breaking cows sold steady to firm in a narrow comparison. Feeding cows sold mostly steady to 3.00 higher. Slaughter bulls sold steady to firm in a narrow comparison. Young age cows sold mostly steady to weak. Quality this week was plain to average and similar to last week. Demand from Southern fall breeding programs has lightened over the last few weeks as it is starting to get late in the season to rebreed for these producers.

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Feeder Steers

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
278 278 3 215.00 $215.00 $598 —
303–343 326 69 210.00–225.00 $218.46 $712 -13.54
350–393 unweaned 361 63 195.00–217.50 $210.42 $760 -16.34
350–399 373 79 210.00–232.50 $223.80 $835 +6.34
401–448 423 482 191.50–227.50 $214.44 $907 -2.97
403–444 unweaned 442 34 193.00–206.00 $193.70 $856 -24.85
455–495 unweaned 460 43 197.00–207.00 $204.70 $942 +1.73
454–494 470 254 190.00–212.50 $201.31 $946 -8.26
502–545 unweaned 529 97 177.00–194.00 $186.86 $988 -11.84
503–548 529 395 184.00–204.75 $198.91 $1,052 +10.41
550–588 570 105 161.00–189.50 $178.82 $1,019 +6.62
567–590 unweaned 576 10 161.00–168.00 $165.13 $951 -12.15
601–633 617 149 156.00–175.00 $164.27 $1,014 +0.49
609–644 unweaned 624 115 158.00–178.50 $173.31 $1,081 +0.78
634 634 15 149.50 $149.50 $948 -14.28
656 unweaned 656 5 155.00 $155.00 $1,017 -5.51
650–697 666 202 153.00–172.00 $164.75 $1,097 +2.63
726 unweaned 726 10 153.00 $153.00 $1,111 —
705–744 728 84 148.00–164.00 $160.37 $1,167 +2.67
734 734 7 144.00 $144.00 $1,057 -13.70
795 795 1 161.00 $161.00 $1,280 —
813–848 831 4 163.00–166.00 $164.53 $1,367 +2.08
850–890 878 13 148.50–164.00 $151.56 $1,331 -10.13
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
323–343 334 15 191.50–210.00 $201.73 $674 -10.27
368–399 394 24 187.50–210.00 $194.95 $768 —
431 unweaned 431 5 200.00 $200.00 $862 -2.05
422–443 433 33 175.00–204.00 $192.43 $833 -10.57
459–494 unweaned 469 153 181.50–189.50 $185.02 $868 -5.37
472–496 480 73 171.00–195.00 $182.33 $875 -3.50
506 506 21 179.00 $179.00 $906 +7.85
533–537 unweaned 536 40 175.00–178.50 $177.98 $954 +4.99
550–595 579 34 148.00–163.00 $156.25 $905 -0.75
610 610 2 151.00 $151.00 $921 -7.04
638 unweaned 638 4 157.00 $157.00 $1,002 —
657 unweaned 657 6 148.00 $148.00 $972 —
657–691 671 12 149.50–161.00 $156.07 $1,047 +6.93
711 711 5 147.00 $147.00 $1,045 —
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
265 265 16 210.00 $210.00 $556 —
300 300 5 207.50 $207.50 $622 —
355–393 368 39 185.00–215.00 $202.72 $746 —
408–422 417 11 185.00–195.00 $188.56 $786 —
450–482 477 19 180.00–189.00 $186.94 $892 +12.94
517 517 23 173.00 $173.00 $894 -6.74
571 571 7 164.00 $164.00 $936 -1.23
634 634 5 152.00 $152.00 $964 —
685 685 4 155.50 $155.50 $1,065 —
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
420 unweaned 420 19 171.00 $171.00 $718 —
523 523 20 183.50 $183.50 $960 —
524 unweaned 524 35 160.00 $160.00 $838 —
620 unweaned 620 5 144.00 $144.00 $893 —
Small 2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
358 358 15 28.00 $28.00 $100 —
564 564 48 34.00 $34.00 $192 —
Medium 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
458–472 unweaned 466 30 105.00–115.00 $109.26 $509 —
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
407–420 409 11 150.00 $150.00 $614 —
673 673 15 141.00 $141.00 $949 —
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1097 1097 15 120.00 $120.00 $1,316 —
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
641 641 6 134.00 $134.00 $859 -3.50

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Feeder Heifers

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
315 unweaned 315 12 184.50 $184.50 $581 —
303–342 325 51 170.00–186.00 $184.42 $599 -10.21
354–399 378 165 168.00–184.00 $177.88 $672 -11.20
377–399 unweaned 394 24 172.00–177.00 $173.59 $684 -10.26
400–448 425 168 164.00–177.50 $169.86 $722 -5.84
448–449 unweaned 448 43 169.00 $169.00 $757 -10.00
452–481 unweaned 470 65 162.00–167.50 $164.79 $775 +0.97
452–499 473 185 155.00–174.00 $163.83 $775 +1.64
517–546 unweaned 521 55 162.00–169.00 $167.93 $875 +10.61
502–549 532 181 150.00–172.00 $161.10 $857 +3.53
550–599 568 242 148.00–165.00 $156.16 $887 -0.33
559–595 unweaned 592 73 146.50–161.00 $159.07 $942 +3.87
602–619 unweaned 616 33 143.00–144.00 $143.15 $882 -5.77
604–637 620 149 140.00–156.50 $153.20 $950 +5.98
657–665 663 16 135.00–152.00 $148.03 $981 -0.24
692 unweaned 692 6 130.00 $130.00 $900 —
701 701 4 138.50 $138.50 $971 -6.72
705 unweaned 705 16 131.00 $131.00 $924 —
720–729 723 39 146.00–150.00 $148.61 $1,074 +3.39
758–794 777 16 130.00–152.00 $147.82 $1,149 -10.18
803 803 3 145.00 $145.00 $1,164 +4.64
870–871 870 10 144.50–150.50 $148.10 $1,288 -3.11
900–936 933 68 142.00–153.25 $152.07 $1,419 +7.44
987–998 989 19 136.00–143.50 $142.30 $1,407 -3.01
1001 1001 14 136.00 $136.00 $1,361 —
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
310–349 332 7 163.00–172.00 $166.60 $553 +26.60
344 unweaned 344 9 171.00 $171.00 $588 +11.00
366 366 15 163.00 $163.00 $597 -4.00
364–388 unweaned 369 27 159.00–161.00 $160.25 $591 -6.37
407–440 425 34 153.00–164.00 $159.73 $679 -1.88
417–445 unweaned 441 36 157.00–165.00 $158.05 $697 +3.07
488–489 489 14 144.00–154.00 $149.43 $731 -0.07
497 unweaned 497 8 143.00 $143.00 $711 -5.90
505–543 522 61 140.00–156.00 $149.11 $778 +13.65
536 unweaned 536 5 146.00 $146.00 $783 -3.29
550–557 554 11 134.00–146.00 $141.55 $784 +1.55
641 641 9 140.50 $140.50 $901 -2.73
659 659 5 140.00 $140.00 $923 ±0.00
776–791 782 26 140.00–145.50 $143.65 $1,123 +1.64
820 820 6 140.00 $140.00 $1,148 -4.00
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
332–337 335 33 163.00–180.00 $170.66 $572 +17.33
356–394 370 55 151.00–172.50 $169.15 $626 +6.15
434–448 440 16 156.00–161.00 $158.28 $696 +6.28
464–481 470 21 153.00–161.00 $158.27 $744 +7.27
532–540 538 34 146.00–147.00 $146.71 $789 —
643 643 11 133.00 $133.00 $855 +6.00
782 782 12 148.00 $148.00 $1,157 —
Medium 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
413 unweaned 413 44 82.50 $82.50 $341 —
456–469 unweaned 457 134 80.00–135.50 $131.25 $600 —
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
320 320 7 150.00 $150.00 $480 —
432–435 unweaned 434 29 157.00–161.00 $158.10 $686 —
506–544 513 33 145.00–158.00 $155.49 $798 —
543 unweaned 543 20 155.00 $155.00 $842 —
1085 1085 2 136.00 $136.00 $1,476 —
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
263 263 21 140.00 $140.00 $368 —
409 409 8 135.00 $135.00 $552 —
639 639 14 133.50 $133.50 $853 —
Small 2-3 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
343 343 32 29.50 $29.50 $101 —
Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1051 1051 9 125.00 $125.00 $1,314 —
Small 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
412 unweaned 412 8 61.00 $61.00 $251 —
Medium and Large 2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
434 434 4 142.50 $142.50 $618 —

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Feeder Bulls

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
297 297 6 230.00 $230.00 $683 —
420 unweaned 420 3 185.00 $185.00 $777 —
400–448 431 14 185.00–199.00 $188.77 $814 -9.65
451–488 unweaned 462 26 178.00–190.00 $184.76 $854 —
451–493 465 25 165.00–178.00 $174.44 $811 -15.21
511–532 522 26 164.00–175.00 $169.39 $884 —
527–544 unweaned 531 48 161.00–180.00 $175.94 $934 —
557–581 unweaned 569 16 137.00 $137.00 $780 -14.00
575–588 582 6 158.00–162.50 $160.28 $933 +9.28
600–620 615 8 132.50–141.00 $138.93 $854 -0.07
602–632 unweaned 620 27 126.00–137.00 $132.65 $822 —
690 unweaned 690 9 130.00 $130.00 $897 —
820 unweaned 820 3 122.00 $122.00 $1,000 -11.00
886 886 4 127.50 $127.50 $1,130 —
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
409–444 436 38 171.00–175.00 $174.11 $759 —
481 unweaned 481 11 170.00 $170.00 $818 —
578 578 6 140.00 $140.00 $809 +2.50
618 unweaned 618 2 122.50 $122.50 $757 —
955 955 5 107.50 $107.50 $1,027 —

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Slaughter Cows

Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
845–955 901 85-90% 5 31.00–41.00 $34.19 $308 —
870–975 934 85-90% 5 35.00–41.00 $38.23 $357 —
990–1175 1074 85-90% 41 36.00–40.00 $38.82 $417 -0.56
1101 1101 85-90% 23 67.50 $67.50 $743 +30.38
1000–1498 1127 85-90% 49 30.50–37.00 $34.77 $392 -2.35
1000–1393 1161 85-90% 319 37.00–46.50 $43.44 $504 -1.00
990–1290 1166 85-90% 56 38.00–48.00 $43.41 $506 -1.03
1019–1300 1168 85-90% 169 45.00–53.00 $47.46 $554 +3.02
988–1340 1197 85-90% 297 46.00–56.50 $50.58 $605 —
1150–1290 1241 85-90% 9 59.50–65.00 $61.26 $760 +10.12
Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
975 975 80-85% 1 42.00 $42.00 $410 —
1142–1695 1332 80-85% 249 52.00–64.00 $57.15 $761 —
1300–1635 1354 80-85% 29 53.00–58.00 $55.85 $756 +2.36
1265–1633 1357 80-85% 115 46.00–54.00 $50.80 $689 -2.69
1323–1660 1435 80-85% 81 40.00–51.00 $46.22 $663 -0.47
1388–1605 1436 80-85% 31 64.00–68.00 $67.16 $964 +20.47
Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1505–1705 1606 75-80% 12 55.00–63.00 $59.43 $954 +1.43
1565–1713 1646 75-80% 9 63.50–69.00 $66.61 $1,096 -6.89
1717 1717 75-80% 11 72.50 $72.50 $1,245 —
1548–1868 1720 75-80% 9 55.00–61.50 $59.36 $1,021 —
1620–1855 1738 75-80% 2 74.00–78.00 $75.86 $1,318 —
1583–1930 1742 75-80% 5 66.00–68.50 $67.30 $1,172 —
Boner ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1314 1314 80-85% 38 800.00 $800.00 —
Lean ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1292 1292 85-90% 8 735.00 $735.00 —

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Slaughter Bulls

YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1375 1375 1 76.00 $76.00 $1,045 —
1177–2085 1616 50 80.50–87.00 $83.95 $1,357 +9.70
1439–2143 1693 8 74.50–80.00 $77.80 $1,317 -0.04
1895 1895 2 89.00 $89.00 $1,687 —
1570–2385 1902 31 80.00–87.50 $84.28 $1,603 —
1675–2285 1910 15 72.00–82.00 $78.88 $1,507 —
1930–2230 2083 4 87.00–96.00 $91.41 $1,904 —

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Stock Cows

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
952 thin fleshed 952 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 3 44.50 $44.50 $424
777–1330 969 (<2 yrs)Open 319 63.00–107.50 $87.31 $846
850–1375 1063 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 145 48.00–93.00 $65.20 $693
1123–1353 1230 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)Open 18 40.00–47.00 $43.20 $531
1040–1468 1289 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 27 46.00–49.50 $47.11 $607
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
820–1208 930 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 16 41.00–71.00 $60.76 $565
836–1068 979 (<2 yrs)Open 11 68.00–81.00 $72.83 $713
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
752 752 (<2 yrs)Open 8 86.00 $86.00 $647

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Bred Cows

Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
934–1195 thin fleshed 1005 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 32 1,250.00–1,300.00 $1,277.11
1084 1084 Young (2-4 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 5 1,250.00 $1,250.00
925–1200 1099 Young (2-4 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 72 1,150.00–1,450.00 $1,324.19
975–1220 1132 Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 14 835.00–950.00 $879.26
1069–1260 thin fleshed 1160 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 36 650.00–725.00 $697.72
992–1400 1190 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 424 1,160.00–1,685.00 $1,498.34
1209–1332 1258 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 11 1,075.00–1,300.00 $1,130.16
1298 thin fleshed 1298 Aged (>8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 10 700.00 $700.00
1223–1519 1336 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 245 775.00–875.00 $821.27
1300–1500 1357 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 7 1,100.00–1,300.00 $1,236.84
1358 1358 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 4 800.00 $800.00
1072–1695 1382 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 273 900.00–1,300.00 $1,033.20
1364–1400 1386 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 104 775.00–1,050.00 $1,032.38
1395 1395 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 11 1,150.00 $1,150.00
1364–1430 1410 Aged (>8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 39 750.00–775.00 $767.56
1305–1635 1429 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 122 1,100.00–1,500.00 $1,375.27
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1020 1020 Young (2-4 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 6 1,275.00 $1,275.00
965–1190 1165 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 9 1,075.00–1,200.00 $1,188.50
1266 1266 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 5 1,150.00 $1,150.00
1220–1276 1267 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 16 1,050.00–1,110.00 $1,079.44
1268–1380 1296 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 24 825.00–835.00 $827.66
Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1082 1082 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 3 1,300.00 $1,300.00
1199 1199 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 5 1,100.00 $1,100.00
1344 1344 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 17 1,000.00 $1,000.00
1345 1345 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 32 810.00 $810.00
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
854–976 928 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 15 1,050.00–1,275.00 $1,134.99
941 941 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 10 1,100.00 $1,100.00
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
1120 1120 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 8 1,275.00 $1,275.00 $14,280
1530 1530 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 6 61.00 $61.00 $933

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Bred Heifers

Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
934 934 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 33 1,425.00 $1,425.00
963 963 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 2 1,925.00 $1,925.00
965 965 Young (2-4 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 2 1,100.00 $1,100.00
918–1113 994 Young (2-4 yrs)1st/2nd Stage (1-6 mo) 15 1,025.00–1,575.00 $1,161.18
908–1104 1015 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 318 1,300.00–1,535.00 $1,446.86
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
880 880 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 21 1,100.00–1,300.00 $1,233.33

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Cow-Calf Pairs

Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1278 1278 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 4 1,375.00 $1,375.00 —
1333 1333 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 17 1,600.00 $1,600.00 —

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Reading this report

What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.