Cattle Market Pulse

Kansas Weekly Cattle Auction Summary

Kansas · USDA-reported Auction Livestock

Sale of Monday, February 20, 2023

11,295 head sold ·Official USDA report

This is an archived report. See the latest Kansas Weekly Cattle Auction Summary report →

heavy 8-weight M&L 1 steers $179.66/cwt +0.59 vs last sale · ≈ $1,574/hd at 876 lb · 1,131 head
light 8-weight M&L 1 steers $184.11/cwt +4.45 vs last sale · ≈ $1,530/hd at 831 lb · 863 head
heavy 7-weight M&L 1 heifers $174.66/cwt +1.90 vs last sale · ≈ $1,347/hd at 771 lb · 722 head

Receipts

HeadThis saleLast saleLast year
Total receipts 11,295 4,971 7,833
Feeder cattle 9,734 4,672 7,550
Slaughter cattle 355 288 279
Replacement cattle 1,206 11 4

Market comments — USDA reporter

Compared to last week, feeder steers overall sold 2.00 to 5.00 higher. Feeder heifers under 500 lbs sold 3.00 to 4.00 lower; over 500 lbs sold 1.00 to 4.00 higher. Slaughter cows and bulls sold 8.00 to 10.00 higher. Demand overall was good. Compared to last week, fed slaughter steers and heifers in the feedyards sold 1.00 to 2.00 higher at 162.00. In the hay market, demand remained good, prices remained steady, trade activity was slow to moderate. Producers state that the hay business has slowed down and are mostly moving previously purchased hay. Finding hay to purchase remains difficult and many are holding on to the hay they have till we get a little closer to spring.

New to these tables? Plain-English explainers ↓

Feeder Steers

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
295 295 3 265.00 $265.00 $782 —
301 unweaned 301 3 213.00 $213.00 $641 —
325–341 thin fleshed 339 13 227.00–242.00 $237.80 $806 -9.70
352 fancy 352 14 243.00 $243.00 $855 -14.02
368–385 372 17 257.50–267.00 $265.70 $988 +31.16
355–395 thin fleshed 377 21 234.00–262.50 $252.99 $954 +2.99
400–447 fancy 424 28 231.00–264.00 $240.75 $1,021 —
400–449 430 19 230.00–245.00 $238.56 $1,026 -12.13
407–446 thin fleshed 437 94 252.50–256.00 $254.72 $1,113 +2.22
457–485 fancy 463 19 229.00–230.00 $229.32 $1,062 —
471 471 4 250.00 $250.00 $1,178 -10.04
455–480 thin fleshed 474 22 241.00–257.00 $246.92 $1,170 -0.08
461–496 479 46 217.50–254.00 $246.72 $1,182 -13.32
512 512 14 252.00 $252.00 $1,290 +36.74
515–540 thin fleshed 521 46 227.00–241.00 $236.03 $1,230 —
512–547 535 82 201.00–250.00 $236.32 $1,264 +21.06
525–547 fancy 544 26 220.00–255.00 $227.01 $1,235 +12.64
550–588 thin fleshed 572 62 215.00–230.00 $219.93 $1,258 -3.61
569–599 586 38 182.00–244.00 $232.81 $1,364 -3.50
573–596 fancy 590 28 205.00–218.00 $213.13 $1,257 —
600–607 thin fleshed 604 28 211.00 $211.00 $1,274 —
607 607 12 214.00 $214.00 $1,299 +16.34
603–646 628 203 195.00–221.00 $210.53 $1,322 +12.87
603–643 fancy 631 102 211.00–238.50 $216.69 $1,367 —
653 unweaned 653 4 192.00 $192.00 $1,254 —
650–695 674 179 175.00–218.00 $200.34 $1,350 +11.82
659–698 thin fleshed 678 136 200.50–203.50 $202.02 $1,370 —
709 fancy 709 77 196.50 $196.50 $1,393 —
701–743 730 232 186.00–200.00 $192.09 $1,402 +4.90
701–748 thin fleshed 731 80 197.25–205.50 $200.13 $1,463 —
752–792 771 271 176.00–188.00 $184.96 $1,426 +2.06
759–785 fancy 775 76 194.00–195.50 $194.71 $1,509 +0.71
784 thin fleshed 784 65 199.50 $199.50 $1,564 —
818 thin fleshed 818 60 195.10 $195.10 $1,596 —
805–849 832 803 176.00–186.00 $183.29 $1,525 +4.83
852–898 876 1,131 171.50–186.00 $179.66 $1,574 +1.15
903–948 930 302 170.00–177.00 $173.98 $1,618 -2.49
964–999 981 211 163.00–173.00 $169.88 $1,667 -1.26
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
385 385 2 170.00 $170.00 $654 -12.50
405–448 427 11 230.00–233.00 $231.93 $990 —
450–482 468 16 231.00–236.00 $234.30 $1,097 —
510–544 534 15 162.00–235.00 $217.09 $1,159 +24.35
565 565 3 220.00 $220.00 $1,243 +52.50
630–635 633 32 192.00–206.00 $195.09 $1,235 -0.63
650–697 671 21 176.00–199.00 $185.42 $1,244 +8.13
715–745 724 16 162.00–185.00 $177.01 $1,282 -2.25
775–795 778 59 167.00–176.00 $174.00 $1,354 +8.00
805–825 810 8 166.00–173.00 $171.22 $1,387 +4.04
855–898 890 15 147.50–171.00 $166.36 $1,481 -5.86
901–946 912 44 161.00–168.00 $163.02 $1,487 -3.72
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
337–346 343 8 213.00–230.00 $219.27 $752 —
358 358 4 212.50 $212.50 $761 —
493 493 6 216.00 $216.00 $1,065 —
605 605 6 206.00 $206.00 $1,246 —
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1015 1015 5 164.00 $164.00 $1,665 -4.15
1060–1069 1067 9 155.00–164.50 $157.10 $1,676 -12.90
1135 1135 4 160.00 $160.00 $1,816 —
Medium 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
545 545 3 191.00 $191.00 $1,041 —

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Feeder Heifers

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
247 247 2 214.00 $214.00 $529 —
315 thin fleshed 315 1 219.00 $219.00 $690 -23.00
329–343 unweaned 335 10 189.00–208.00 $202.48 $678 —
371–383 thin fleshed 381 33 213.00–225.00 $223.23 $851 -17.88
350–398 387 31 199.00–225.00 $217.75 $843 -3.25
408–421 fancy 412 42 209.00–209.50 $209.16 $862 +7.16
405–447 427 72 196.00–225.00 $213.95 $914 -7.66
434–445 thin fleshed 439 23 211.00–224.00 $216.73 $951 +6.51
450–490 thin fleshed 454 11 206.00–209.50 $209.16 $950 —
455 455 20 220.00 $220.00 $1,001 +23.05
454–493 fancy 457 70 205.00–211.00 $209.74 $959 +10.03
470–497 483 71 191.00–216.00 $205.04 $990 +8.09
510 fancy 510 2 205.00 $205.00 $1,046 —
505–541 516 48 198.00–208.00 $200.93 $1,037 +4.59
500–545 thin fleshed 520 73 195.00–205.50 $203.95 $1,061 +6.72
565–567 567 119 211.85–214.00 $211.99 $1,202 +17.95
550–598 571 161 183.00–213.00 $203.43 $1,162 +9.39
560–591 thin fleshed 574 65 199.00–202.00 $201.44 $1,156 +14.44
565–590 fancy 581 78 193.00–203.75 $200.30 $1,164 -0.70
610 unweaned 610 5 179.00 $179.00 $1,092 —
609–615 thin fleshed 612 149 200.00–204.00 $201.75 $1,235 +10.75
600–648 626 313 181.00–194.50 $189.07 $1,184 +6.36
637 637 6 190.00 $190.00 $1,210 +7.29
654–665 thin fleshed 664 75 188.00–190.00 $188.26 $1,250 —
667 667 90 188.00 $188.00 $1,254 +15.35
650–699 674 468 175.00–188.00 $180.75 $1,218 +8.10
706–707 fancy 706 86 177.00–180.75 $177.65 $1,254 -0.85
700–749 726 437 168.00–180.00 $176.03 $1,278 +4.67
745 thin fleshed 745 59 181.00 $181.00 $1,348 +1.00
760 fancy 760 5 176.50 $176.50 $1,341 —
765 thin fleshed 765 66 179.85 $179.85 $1,376 —
750–799 772 560 166.50–176.50 $173.21 $1,337 +0.45
773 773 91 179.75 $179.75 $1,389 +6.99
800 fancy 800 24 179.00 $179.00 $1,432 —
800–849 823 314 164.00–174.50 $171.04 $1,408 +1.06
852–899 876 272 163.50–173.00 $169.76 $1,487 +8.28
900–945 919 70 155.00–165.60 $162.70 $1,495 +3.98
964–988 979 14 150.00–168.00 $159.79 $1,564 -1.62
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
353–367 361 5 197.00–210.00 $202.08 $730 —
408–435 428 13 197.00–210.00 $201.02 $860 +16.07
450–495 482 21 180.00–205.00 $196.54 $947 —
500–540 521 15 165.00–196.00 $187.92 $979 +7.25
555–599 576 64 154.00–195.00 $188.14 $1,084 —
600–649 623 51 160.00–187.00 $171.55 $1,069 -0.54
651–681 674 51 161.00–174.00 $168.36 $1,135 +1.15
700–749 737 14 159.00–167.00 $165.15 $1,217 +3.65
761–795 770 11 146.00–165.50 $160.13 $1,233 -5.46
805–845 816 17 137.00–159.00 $156.26 $1,275 +9.74
853–895 882 38 150.00–160.00 $151.71 $1,338 +11.33
970 970 1 141.00 $141.00 $1,368 +4.52
Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
957–993 966 28 153.25–159.00 $154.97 $1,497 —
1018–1045 1034 54 140.00–150.00 $144.96 $1,499 -4.16
1083–1097 1091 10 114.00–151.00 $134.52 $1,468 -10.33
1175 1175 2 140.00 $140.00 $1,645 +15.50
Medium 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
435 435 12 204.00 $204.00 $887 —

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Feeder Bulls

Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
353 353 3 232.00 $232.00 $819 —
438 438 5 198.00 $198.00 $867 —
543–545 544 12 210.00–233.00 $227.23 $1,236 +44.73
561 561 3 171.00 $171.00 $959 -20.00
645 645 1 151.00 $151.00 $974 -25.00
670 670 2 153.00 $153.00 $1,025 —
775 775 1 156.00 $156.00 $1,209 —
842 842 2 154.00 $154.00 $1,297 -9.99
920 920 1 160.00 $160.00 $1,472 +20.00
985 985 2 134.00 $134.00 $1,320 -4.00
Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1385–1450 1418 (<2 yrs)N/A 3 2,100.00–2,300.00 $2,199.29 —
1420–1505 1463 Young (2-4 yrs)N/A 2 2,500.00–2,600.00 $2,551.45 —
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1185–1370 1308 (<2 yrs)N/A 3 1,600.00–1,800.00 $1,730.19 —
1295–1335 1315 Young (2-4 yrs)N/A 2 2,000.00–2,100.00 $2,050.76 —
Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1910 1910 Young (2-4 yrs)N/A 1 2,200.00 $2,200.00 —
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1100 1100 Young (2-4 yrs)N/A 1 2,300.00 $2,300.00 —
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1105 1105 Young (2-4 yrs)N/A 1 1,600.00 $1,600.00 —

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Slaughter Cows

Breaker ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1060–1977 1369 75-80% 103 100.00–108.00 $102.85 $1,408 +8.01
1030–2045 1409 75-80% 119 91.00–99.50 $96.91 $1,365 +10.32
Boner ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1003 1003 80-85% 4 88.00 $88.00 $883 —
1035–1682 1233 80-85% 59 80.00–94.00 $86.06 $1,061 —
Lean ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Dressing Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1035–1425 1112 85-90% 10 60.00–82.00 $77.28 $859 —

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Slaughter Bulls

YG1-2 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hdΔ last sale
1370–1950 1556 7 97.00–114.00 $105.59 $1,643 +14.78
1675–2305 1928 10 121.00–132.00 $128.29 $2,473 +22.45
1485–2485 1966 8 100.00–124.00 $117.03 $2,301 —

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Stock Cows

Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
788 fancy 788 (<2 yrs)Open 71 1,460.00 $1,460.00
769–828 793 (<2 yrs)Open 136 1,400.00–1,435.00 $1,413.45
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
652–783 736 (<2 yrs)Open 138 1,200.00–1,335.00 $1,296.51
Medium and Large 1 ($/cwt)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ ≈ $/hd
810–1130 980 (<2 yrs)Open 6 117.00–127.00 $123.16 $1,207
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1378 1378 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 2 1,450.00 $1,450.00

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Bred Cows

Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1094 1094 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 4 1,585.00 $1,585.00
1085–1246 1155 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 55 1,450.00–1,625.00 $1,552.23
1118–1260 1176 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 53 1,525.00–1,825.00 $1,686.73
1113–1270 1200 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 25 900.00–1,135.00 $1,044.81
1209–1236 thin fleshed 1223 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 30 1,035.00–1,060.00 $1,047.64
1220–1239 1233 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 6 1,475.00–1,510.00 $1,486.55
1230–1243 1239 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 6 1,000.00–1,100.00 $1,033.10
1249 fancy 1249 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 8 1,960.00 $1,960.00
1249 1249 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 7 1,250.00 $1,250.00
1220–1287 1277 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 14 1,425.00–1,625.00 $1,457.12
Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1122 1122 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 18 1,700.00 $1,700.00
960–1173 1158 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 14 1,050.00–1,775.00 $1,732.06
1188–1198 1196 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 26 1,685.00–1,735.00 $1,727.36
1100–1323 1267 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 4 1,300.00–1,750.00 $1,652.35
1233–1336 1267 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 12 1,150.00–1,225.00 $1,198.65
1270 1270 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 2,125.00 $2,125.00
1055–1333 1302 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 60 1,400.00–2,100.00 $1,998.91
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1027–1089 1052 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 10 1,500.00–1,550.00 $1,520.71
1002–1088 1068 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 21 1,700.00–1,775.00 $1,758.24
1077 1077 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)1st Stage (1-3 mo) 22 1,500.00 $1,500.00
1077 thin fleshed 1077 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 9 1,700.00 $1,700.00
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
923 thin fleshed 923 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 6 1,085.00 $1,085.00
955 955 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 4 1,050.00 $1,050.00
957–986 973 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 11 700.00–885.00 $802.28
915–1050 987 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 15 1,025.00–1,250.00 $1,172.93
1043 1043 Aged (>8 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 12 835.00 $835.00
1046 1046 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 5 1,475.00 $1,475.00
1083 1083 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 1,150.00 $1,150.00
Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1301 1301 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 13 1,825.00 $1,825.00
1410 1410 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 3 1,950.00 $1,950.00
1417 1417 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 1,700.00 $1,700.00
1334–1574 1476 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 25 1,350.00–1,475.00 $1,453.68
1483 1483 Middle Aged/Aged (>5 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 1,400.00 $1,400.00
1544–1600 1563 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 6 1,400.00–1,725.00 $1,614.08
Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1331 1331 Aged (>8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 6 1,550.00 $1,550.00
1361 1361 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 9 1,900.00 $1,900.00
1397 fancy 1397 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 13 2,450.00 $2,450.00
1612 1612 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 12 1,800.00 $1,800.00

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Bred Heifers

Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1193 1193 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 4 2,500.00 $2,500.00
1200–1213 1206 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 31 2,250.00–2,300.00 $2,282.16
Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
1105–1123 1114 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 26 1,750.00–2,000.00 $1,909.13
1125 1125 Young (2-4 yrs)2nd/3rd Stage (4-9 mo) 3 1,650.00 $1,650.00
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
956 thin fleshed 956 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 10 1,750.00 $1,750.00
890–1006 970 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 15 1,500.00–1,685.00 $1,618.48
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $
823–873 856 (<2 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 6 1,000.00–1,200.00 $1,135.93
895 895 Young (2-4 yrs)3rd Stage (7-9 mo) 2 1,100.00 $1,100.00
940 940 (<2 yrs)2nd Stage (4-6 mo) 3 1,400.00 $1,400.00

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Cow-Calf Pairs

Medium and Large 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1025 1025 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 2 1,050.00 $1,050.00 —
1125–1200 1170 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 5 1,725.00–1,750.00 $1,735.00 —
1200–1225 1211 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 9 1,575.00–1,650.00 $1,608.33 —
1275 1275 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 3 1,785.00 $1,785.00 —
1300 1300 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 2 1,550.00 $1,550.00 —
Medium and Large 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1100 1100 Aged (>8 yrs)Open 4 1,250.00 $1,250.00 -175.00
1150 1150 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 10 2,025.00 $2,025.00 —
1200 1200 Middle Aged (5-8 yrs)Open 6 1,600.00 $1,600.00 —
Medium 1 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
1000 1000 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 12 1,800.00 $1,800.00 —
Medium 1-2 ($/head)
Weight (lb) Avg wt AgeStage Head Price range Avg $ Δ last sale
925 925 Young (2-4 yrs)Open 5 1,350.00–1,500.00 $1,410.00 —
900–1000 942 Young/Middle Aged (2-8 yrs)Open 6 1,450.00–1,600.00 $1,533.33 —

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Reading this report

What does "Medium and Large 1" mean?

USDA feeder grades describe frame size and muscle thickness, not quality of the individual animal. "Medium and Large" is the frame score; the number is muscle (1 = heaviest muscled). "Medium and Large 1–2" pens mix both muscle scores — common across the Southeast.

What is $/cwt?

Dollars per hundredweight — per 100 lb of animal. A 500-lb calf at $450/cwt brings 5 × $450 = $2,250. Lighter cattle usually bring more per cwt but less per head.

Why are some prices per head?

Bred cows, cow-calf pairs, and some replacement classes sell by the head, not by weight. We show those exactly as USDA reports them — a $/head figure is never converted into $/cwt on this site.

Where do these numbers come from?

From the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service's Livestock Market News — federal reporters at the sale. We publish each report in full and link the official USDA document at the top of the page.